Moreover, the expression of HSP70 in the stratified squamous epithelium was also significantly elevated, and HSP90 had no significant change (Fig. There was a significant increase in HSP27 in the stratified squamous epithelium of rumen papilla after 6 h transportation. To evaluate the response of HSPs when animals are exposed to harmful stimulus, we detected the expression of HSPs protein and mRNA in rumen. Therefore, this study aims to assess the pathological injury and the changes in HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 expression in the caprine stomach after transport stress with different duration. However, in our knowledge, they have not been reported yet. Therefore, it is reasonable to presume that the expressions of HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 may also change during transport stress in goats, playing some essential protective roles.Ī better understanding of the effects of transport stress on pathological injury and expression of the main heat shock proteins in the caprine stomach would be of meaningful value to researchers to provide the basis for the design of novel strategies to minimize the adverse influence of transport stress on animals and improve the animal welfare. Moreover, previous studies have shown that the expressions of HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 are significantly changed in pigs’ hearts or chickens’ brains during transport stress. Oxidative stress caused by transportation has been reported to impair swine intestinal epithelial cells. ROS can cause DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein damage. In addition, transport stress also can improve the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant defense systems, and eventually induce oxidative stress. Above these stimuli will leads to not only physiological changes including blood composition, meat and skin quality, hormones, metabolites, enzymes, and live weight, but also tissue and organ damages such as liver and jejunum. These stimuli are highly stressful which can induce so called “transport stress” in animals and result in the increase of morbidity and even cause death. During transportation, animals may expose to some stimuli such as changes in temperature and humidity, restriction of feed and water, mixed with other animals, and so on. Transport, which is one of the stressors of livestock animals, can bring certain economic loss to animal husbandry. Furthermore, the stomachs of ruminants are very sensitive to different stresses. Each compartment performs its own function via different component (such as microorganisms). Ruminants that digest plant-based foods have a four-compartment stomach consisting of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Moreover, this study also provides some new data to advocate reducing transport stress of goats and improving animal welfare.Īs a part of the digestive system, the stomach plays an important role in the daily life of livestock. Taken together, these results revealed that the pathological changes in the gastric tissues and the stomach HSPs expression in goats are related to transport stress and duration. In abomasum, HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA and protein levels were increased after transport stress, but HSP27 was decreased after transport stress. In omasum, HSP27 and HSP70 mRNA and protein were increased after transport stress, however, HSP90 mRNA level only had a slightly enhancement after transport stress. In reticulum, all three HSPs mRNA and protein levels were upregulated after 2 h transport, but decreased after 6 h transport. In rumen, the mRNA and protein expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 were increased after transport stress, but not HSP90. Our results showed that the different degrees of stomach walls damage, with the change of expression levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), occurred after goats transportation. For each batch, twelve healthy adult male goats were randomly divided into three groups (four goats per batch and per group): Control group, stress group transported during 2 h and stress group transported during 6 h. A total of three batches of Ganxi goats from western Jiangxi province were enrolled in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transport stress on the pathological injury and HSPs expression in the stomach of goats. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are playing some important regulate roles during transport stress. However, these actions may give rise to transport stress. Transportation is necessary to introduce new breeds of goats to the farm and move the adult meat goat from the farm to the slaughterhouse.
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